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Tax knowledge from taxtastic

Tax Knowledge.Clearly explained. With sources.

Commuter allowance, sales tax, investment income: We explain tax topics so that you'll know what applies to you.

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37Articles
8Topic areas
8Calculators in the articles
Do I have to register a business if I don't earn much?
Short answer

Anyone who operates a channel independently, on a sustainable basis, and with the intent to make a profit is conducting a business (Section 15(2) of the Income Tax Act). The law does not specify a minimum revenue thresho …

Influencers and Taxes · 28 Min. reading time
Topic areas

Find your topic.

Organized based on what you're currently working on—not by legal provisions.

8 articles

Work & Commuting

Income-related expenses, travel expenses, working from home, and everything related to Schedule N.

  • Minijob 2026
  • Meal Allowance for 2026
10 articles

Self-Employed & Small Businesses

EÜR, VAT, small business owners, and business tax explained in simple terms.

  • Influencers and Taxes
  • Side Business Alongside Your Day Job
3 articles

Housing & Rentals

Schedule V, depreciation, tradespeople and costs around your home.

  • Solar Power and Taxes
  • Production Costs Closely Related to Acquisition
6 articles

Capital & Interest

Investment income, saver's allowance, the more favorable treatment test, and pensions.

  • Foreign Investment Accounts and Taxes
  • Vinted Taxes
5 articles

Family & Household

Childcare, household help and what families should keep in mind.

  • Deducting Child Care Expenses
  • Household-related services and tradespeople
3 articles

Deadlines & Tax Office

Filing deadlines, checking your tax assessment, objections and deadline extensions.

  • Appeal Against a Tax Assessment Notice
  • Tax Return
1 article

Basics

How income tax works—without the jargon.

  • Basic tax-free allowance for 2026
1 article

Abroad & Cross-Border Workers

Cross-border commuters, working abroad, and limited tax liability.

  • Cross-border Workers in Switzerland
36 terms

Tax A–Z

Technical terms explained in a single sentence—from the articles, with a link to the relevant context.

  • Agglomeration
  • Assessment Based on a Petition
How an article is made Sven Schilling

No article without Sven.

Sven Schilling is a business graduate (Diplom-Kaufmann FH), has worked in accounting and tax firms for more than 30 years and serves on the board of an income tax assistance association. He reviews every article before it goes online.

Directly from the law

The information is based on the text of the law, letters from the Federal Ministry of Finance, and court rulings. Each source is linked at the bottom of the post.

Reviewed by experts

Sven checks every number, every deadline, and every phrase—and makes corrections until everything is right.

Kept up to date

If a law changes, the article is revised and reviewed. The review date is always listed at the top.

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37 articles

Self-Employed & Small Businesses

Influencers and Taxes: Business, PR Samples, Platform Payments

Influencers and Taxes: When a channel is considered a business, what PR samples and platform payments mean, and what limits apply to small business ow …

Valid for 2025 & 202628 Min.
Capital & Interest

Foreign Investment Accounts and Taxes: Reporting Income on Form KAP

Foreign Investment Accounts and Taxes: When income must be reported on Form KAP, how foreign withholding tax is credited, and what documents are requi …

Tax Year 202515 Min.
Capital & Interest

Vinted Taxes: When Private Sales Are Taxable

Platforms report sellers who have made 30 or more sales or earned 2,000 euros. When are private sales subject to tax, and what does the 1,000-euro exe …

Valid for 2025 & 202611 Min.
Work & Commuting

Minijob 2026: €603 per month and what that means for taxes

Minijob 2026: The earnings limit is €603 per month. What the 2% flat-rate tax means and when a minijob must be reported on your tax return.

Effective in 202617 Min.
Family & Household

Deducting Child Care Expenses: 80% up to €4,800 per child

Deducting Child Care Expenses: 80% of the costs, up to 4,800 euros per child, for children under 14, with a receipt and non-cash payment. What counts …

Since 202513 Min.
Family & Household

Household-related services and tradespeople: 20% discount

Household-related services and tradespeople: 20% tax reduction under Section 35a of the Income Tax Act (EStG), with maximum amounts of 510, 4,000, and …

Valid for 2025 and 202613 Min.
Self-Employed & Small Businesses

Side Business Alongside Your Day Job: Registration, Taxes, and Obligations

Registering a Side Business: When Does It Qualify as a Business? Business Registration, Questionnaire for the Tax Office, Small Business Owners, Decla …

Valid for 2025 and 202613 Min.
Basics

Basic tax-free allowance for 2026: €12,348; amounts below this threshold are tax-free

Basic tax-free allowance for 2026: 12,348 euros; in 2025, it was 12,096 euros. What it means, why it applies to taxable income, and how the tax schedu …

Effective in 20269 Min.
Deadlines & Tax Office

Appeal Against a Tax Assessment Notice: One Month to File

Appeal Against a Tax Assessment Notice: One-month deadline from the date of notification, fourth day if sent by mail, filing via ELSTER, overview of g …

Valid for 2025 and 202613 Min.
Deadlines & Tax Office

Tax Return: Mandatory or Voluntary? An Overview of the Different Cases

Who is required to file a tax return? An overview of mandatory filings under Section 46 of the Income Tax Act (EStG), the threshold for those without …

Valid for 2025 and 202612 Min.
Deadlines & Tax Office

Deadline for filing the 2025 tax return: July 31, 2026

Deadline for filing the 2025 tax return: July 31, 2026; with a tax advisor, March 1, 2027; voluntarily, by December 31, 2029. Also, extensions and sur …

Tax Year 202513 Min.
Family & Household

Tax credit for single parents: €4,260 per year

Tax credit for single parents: 4,260 euros plus 240 euros for each additional child. Overview of eligibility requirements, tax class II, and the twelf …

Valid for 2025 and 202610 Min.
Family & Household

Child Allowance for 2026: €9,756 or Child Benefit of €259

Child Allowance for 2026 and Child Benefits: 259 euros in child benefits, 9,756 euros in tax exemption per set of parents, a comparison based on Secti …

Effective in 202611 Min.
Housing & Rentals

Solar Power and Taxes: When a Solar System Is Tax-Exempt

Tax-Exempt Solar Power: What kW limits apply under Section 3, No. 72 of the Income Tax Act (EStG), when a 0% VAT rate applies, and what the rules are …

Valid for 2025 and 202614 Min.
Housing & Rentals

Production Costs Closely Related to Acquisition: The 15-Percent Threshold

Production Costs Closely Related to Acquisition: When renovation costs exceed 15% of the building's acquisition cost within the first 3 years, and wha …

Valid for 2025 and 202613 Min.
Housing & Rentals

Depreciation on Buildings: 2, 2.5, or 3 Percent for Rental Properties

Depreciation of Buildings for Rental Properties: Rates of 2, 2.5, and 3 percent after completion; purchase price allocation; declining-balance depreci …

Valid for 2025 and 202612 Min.
Abroad & Cross-Border Workers

Cross-border Workers in Switzerland: Withholding Tax of 4.5% and the 60-Day Rule

Cross-border Workers in Switzerland: Who qualifies as a cross-border worker, how the 4.5 percent withholding tax is applied, what the 60-day rule enta …

Valid for 2025 and 202612 Min.Calculator
Capital & Interest

Retirees and Tax Returns: When Filing Is Required

Retirees and Tax Returns: Taxable portion after retirement begins, basic tax-free allowance amounts of 12,096 and 12,348 euros, and an overview of ded …

Valid for 2025 and 202614 Min.Calculator
Capital & Interest

Upfront Flat Fee for ETFs: Why the Bank Deducts Taxes

Upfront Flat Rate for ETFs: Base interest rate of 2.53% (2025) and 3.20% (2026), formula, partial exemption, deduction by the bank, and offsetting upo …

Base Rate for 2025 and 202613 Min.Calculator
Capital & Interest

Savings Allowance for 2026: €1,000 per person, €2,000 for couples

Flat-Rate Savings Allowance for 2026: 1,000 euros per person, 2,000 euros for married couples. Includes an exemption form, a non-taxable income certif …

Valid for 2025 and 202611 Min.Calculator
Capital & Interest

Crypto Taxes: Holding Period, Exemption Threshold, and Swaps Explained

Crypto Taxes: Sales or exchanges within one year are taxable; everything counts once the total profit reaches 1,000 euros. Includes a timeline and cal …

Valid for 2025 and 202615 Min.Calculator
Self-Employed & Small Businesses

Deducting Entertainment Expenses: 70% Deduction, Input Tax, Receipt

Entertainment expenses: 70% of reasonable expenses reduce taxable income; input tax is fully deductible. Includes a list of receipts, a sample calcula …

Valid for 2025 and 202615 Min.Calculator
Self-Employed & Small Businesses

GWG 2026: Threshold of €800, mixed lots up to €1,000

GWG 2026: Immediate deduction of up to €800 net; lump-sum deduction for amounts from €250.01 to €1,000 spread over five years; the one-year rule for c …

Valid for 2025 and 202614 Min.
Self-Employed & Small Businesses

Freelancer or Business: Which Are You, and What Does That Mean?

Freelancer or Business? An explanation of the list of professions under Section 18 of the Income Tax Act (EStG), borderline cases, trade tax with a €2 …

Valid for 2025 and 202614 Min.
Self-Employed & Small Businesses

Preparing an EÜR: The Income-Surplus Account, Step by Step

Preparing an EÜR: Who Can Use It, Inflows and Outflows, the 10-Day Rule, Depreciation, and the EÜR Schedule. Includes a sample calculation and common …

Valid for 2025 and 202615 Min.
Work & Commuting

Meal Allowance for 2026: €14 and €28 Flat Rate

Meal Allowance for 2026: €14 for 8 hours or more, €28 for 24 hours. Includes reductions for meals, a three-month grace period, travel expenses, and a …

Valid for 2025 and 202611 Min.
Work & Commuting

Taxing Severance Pay: How the "One-Fifth Rule" Works

Taxing Severance Pay: How the "one-fifth rule" works, when the "aggregation rule" applies, and why the tax reduction will not take effect until 2025 w …

Valid for 2025 and 202610 Min.
Work & Commuting

Supplementary Income: €410 Threshold and Hardship Adjustment Up to €820

Side Income of 410 Euros: Anyone who earns more than 410 euros in side income must file a tax return. Here’s how the hardship adjustment works for amo …

Valid for 2025 and 202611 Min.Calculator
Family & Household

Tax bracket for married couples: III/V, IV/IV, or a multiplier?

Tax Brackets for Married Couples: What III/V, IV/IV, and the factor method mean; when filing a tax return is required; and how to change your tax brac …

Valid for 2025 and 202613 Min.
Work & Commuting

Income-Related Expenses for 2026: What Employees Can Deduct

Income-Related Expenses for Employees: Commuting Expenses, Working from Home, Work Equipment, Continuing Education, and Travel Expenses—2026 Amounts. …

Valid for 2025 and 202614 Min.
Work & Commuting

Employee Lump-Sum Allowance for 2026: €1,230 without documentation

Employee Lump-Sum Allowance: €1,230 for income-related expenses without documentation. When individual income-related expenses apply, and what will ap …

Valid for 2025 and 20268 Min.
Work & Commuting

Home office allowance: 6 € per day, up to 1,260 € per year

Home office allowance: €6 per day, up to 210 days and €1,260 per year. Which days count, distinctions from a home office, and the commuter allowance.

Valid for 2025 and 202613 Min.
Work & Commuting

Commuter allowance for 2026: 38 cents starting with the first kilometer

Commuter Allowance for 2026: €0.38 per kilometer starting with the first kilometer, with a maximum amount of €4,500. Includes a calculator, sample cal …

Effective in 202614 Min.Calculator
Self-Employed & Small Businesses

Required Information on Invoices: What Section 14 of the German Value-Added Tax Act (UStG) Requires

Required Information on Invoices Pursuant to Section 14 of the German Value-Added Tax Act (UStG): Overview of Required Information, Small-Amount Invoi …

Effective in 2025 and 202612 Min.
Self-Employed & Small Businesses

Mandatory E-Billing: What Takes Effect in 2025, and What Follows in 2027 and 2028

Mandatory E-Invoicing: Receipt required as of January 1, 2025; issuance required starting in 2027 for businesses with prior-year revenue exceeding €80 …

Effective as of 202514 Min.
Self-Employed & Small Businesses

Input Tax Credit: Requirements, Invoices, and Small Amounts

Input Tax Deduction Under Section 15 of the German Value-Added Tax Act (UStG): Requirements, Invoice Information, Small Amounts Up to €250, Mixed Use, …

Valid for 2025 and 202614 Min.
Self-Employed & Small Businesses

Small Business Exemption: Thresholds of €25,000 and €100,000 Starting in 2025

Small Business Exemption: Revenue of up to €25,000 in the previous year and up to €100,000 in the current year. What applies if these limits are excee …

Since 202514 Min.

Tax A–Z

Tax terms in one sentence.

Agglomeration
The severance payment is received in a single calendar year and increases income in that year more significantly than if the employment relationship had continued uninterrupted. As a result, the tax progression is steeper, and the fifths ru … In the article
Assessment Based on a Petition
An assessment that is in effect only because someone requested it. Those who are required to file, on the other hand, are subject to mandatory assessment. In the article
BEA Exemption Amount
The tax exemption for a child's care, upbringing, or education needs. It is already included in the total amount of €9,756 per set of parents. In the article
Base Return
The statutory minimum return for a fund year: the redemption price at the beginning of the year multiplied by 70% of the base interest rate. This is the calculation basis used to determine the advance lump-sum payment. In the article
Catalog Occupation
A profession that is expressly listed in § 18(1)(1) of the Income Tax Act (EStG), such as architect or translator. It is considered freelance work if it is performed on a self-employed basis. In the article
Cost of Goods Manufactured
Expenses that increase the value of a building. They are not deducted all at once, but are spread out over many years through depreciation (AfA). In the article
Depreciation (AfA)
The annual portion of the acquisition or production cost of an asset that is recognized as an expense because it depreciates over time. In the article
EN 16931
The European standard for electronic invoices. It specifies which information goes in which field so that software can read the invoice without having to manually enter the data. In the article
Economic asset
An item you use at work: a camera, a desk, a laptop, or a tool. It loses value over the years, so you depreciate it. In the article
Entertainment Expenses
Expenses for food and beverages that the company pays on behalf of other individuals. These expenses are considered reasonable if they are customary according to generally accepted standards. In the article
Exemption Limit
A threshold at which the entire amount becomes taxable. A tax-free allowance works differently: It is deducted in every case, and the remainder is taxed. In the article
Exemption Request
An order on the official form by which a bank or financial institution exempts investment income up to the specified amount from tax. In the article
Household
Several people live together and manage their household jointly, for example by sharing expenses or providing mutual support. If another adult is registered at the residence, the law presumes that they form a household community. In the article
Income tax based on tax brackets
The tax calculated based on taxable income and the tax rate, before deductions such as these are subtracted. In the article
Income-related expenses
Expenses incurred to generate, secure, and maintain income (Section 9(1), first sentence, of the Income Tax Act (EStG)). For employees, these include, for example, commuting to work, work equipment, or continuing education. In the article
Intent to Make a Profit
The goal is to earn more in the long run than the work costs. Paid collaborations and regular payments support this. In the article
Investment income
Income from cash or securities, such as interest from a demand deposit account and dividends. This income is classified as income from capital assets under Section 20 of the German Income Tax Act (EStG). In the article
Kilowatt (peak)
The maximum capacity that a plant can achieve under standard conditions. The gross installed capacity, as recorded in the market master data registry, is the determining factor. In the article
Late Fee
A fee that the tax office may impose if a tax return is not filed or is filed late. This applies only if the taxpayer is required to file a return. Those who file voluntarily are not subject to a deadline and will not be charged a late fili … In the article
Maintenance costs
Expenses incurred to maintain a building in a usable condition or to restore it to such a condition, without expanding it. If the building is rented out, these expenses are considered income-related expenses. In the article
Mandatory Assessment
The tax office must assess the income tax for the year, and filing a tax return is mandatory. The counterpart to this is assessment upon request: it only takes place if someone requests it. In the article
Market Master Data Register
The Federal Network Agency's official registry for electricity and natural gas facilities. Every photovoltaic system is listed there along with its capacity. In the article
Maximum Discount Amount
The sum of positive business income divided by the sum of all positive income, multiplied by the reduced tax rate. The credit applies up to this amount. In the article
Pension exemption
The tax-exempt portion of the pension in euros. It is calculated based on the taxable portion and remains the same even if the pension increases. In the article
Primary Place of Work
The fixed business facility to which you are permanently assigned, such as your employer’s office. The determining factor is what is specified under civil service or labor law (Section 9(4) of the Income Tax Act (EStG)). In the article
Private Sale Transaction
A sale or exchange of items from one's personal assets in which the time between purchase and sale does not exceed the statutory period. For cryptocurrencies, this period is one year. In the article
Reinvesting
A reinvesting fund does not distribute its earnings but reinvests them in the fund. A distributing fund transfers them to your account. In the article
Split Tax Benefit
The effect of the splitting method: The joint taxable income is halved, the tax is calculated based on that amount, and then doubled. In the article
Supplementary Income
Income other than wages from which no income tax was withheld, such as income from self-employment, business operations, or rental income. What counts is the profit or net income, not the revenue. In the article
Sustainable
An activity is sustainable if it is intended to be repeated and does not occur just once. Anyone who regularly accepts or sells orders is engaged in sustainable activity. In the article
Tax Class VI
Income tax bracket for the second and each subsequent employer when an individual receives wages from multiple employers simultaneously (Section 38b(1), second sentence, No. 6 of the Income Tax Act (EStG)). Income tax is due in this case ev … In the article
Taxable income
The amount on which the tax is calculated. It is determined after deducting income-related expenses or business expenses, special expenses, extraordinary expenses, and, if applicable, child allowances from the income (Section 2 of the Incom … In the article
Taxable share
The percentage of the annual pension that is subject to tax. It is determined once, based on the year the pension begins. In the article
Total Revenue
The total of the fees received during the year from taxable sales—that is, excluding VAT—minus certain tax-exempt sales and excluding the sale of fixed assets (Section 19(2) of the German Value-Added Tax Act (UStG)). The determining factor … In the article
Worsening
If, during an appeal proceeding, the tax office amends a decision to the detriment of the appellant. This may only be done after prior notice has been given, stating the reasons and providing an opportunity to comment. In the article
employee lump-sum allowance
A fixed amount of €1,230 that is automatically considered an income-related expense for income from employment unless higher expenses are documented (Section 9a, Sentence 1, No. 1, Letter a of the Income Tax Act (EStG)). Individual items ar … In the article

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